Activity

Dioscin also enhanced the levels of Beclin-1 and LC3-II while decreased the level of p62. These results suggested that dioscin could activate autophagy in HT22 cells. 1-Naphthyl PP1 nmr It was also found that knocking down SIRT3 resulted in the downregulation of Beclin-1, LC3-II and the aggregation of p62, suggesting that SIRT3 was an important regulator in autophagy. Furthermore, we found that knocking down SIRT3 or inhibiting autophagy suppressed the protective effects of dioscin on Aβ1-42 oligomers-induced neurotoxicity, apoptosis and ROS generation. These results revealed that SIRT3 and autophagy functioned together in the neuroprotective mechanisms of dioscin. Therefore, dioscin might be a promising drug to protect against Aβ1-42 oligomers-induced neurotoxicity and reduce neuron damage or death in AD.With the aim of shedding some light on the still scarcely investigated mechanism of transformation of imines in metal complexes, this study describes the investigation of the hydrogen-deuterium (H/D) exchange reaction of a bis[2-(pyridylmethylidene)-1-(2-pyridylmethylamine]iron(II) complex ([Fe(PMAP)2]2+), following our previous work on a low-spin iron(II) complex bearing two molecules of S-2-pyridylmethylidene-1-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine. This complex has been proven to undergo successive transiminations in acetonitrile, yielding a bis[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene-2-pyridylmethylamine]iron(II) complex. In the analogous [Fe(PMAP)2]2+ complex, a 1,3-hydrogen rearrangement occurs in a 10% deuterium oxide-acetonitrile-d3 (D2O-CD3CN) solution. The H/D exchange reaction of [Fe(PMAP)2]2+ was examined in the presence of various concentrations of 2,6-dimethylpyridine as a base in a 10% D2O-CD3CN solution at 45 °C, and the reaction mechanism was investigated.Herba Cistanche, known as Rou Cong Rong in Chinese, is a very valuable Chinese herbal medicine that has been recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Rou Cong Rong has been extensively used in clinical practice in traditional herbal formulations and has also been widely used as a health food supplement for a long time in Asian countries such as China and Japan. There are many bioactive compounds in Rou Cong Rong, the most important of which are phenylethanoid glycosides. This article summarizes the up-to-date information regarding the phytochemistry, pharmacology, processing, toxicity and safety of Rou Cong Rong to reveal its pharmacodynamic basis and potential therapeutic effects, which could be of great value for its use in future research.In this review, we summarize our recent progress on functionalization of the ammonium C-N bond through a transition-metal-catalysed cross-coupling process. By synergistic utilization of computational and experimental methods, we have successfully developed several new C-N bond cleavage protocols and established new reaction mechanisms. These findings provide new possibilities for transforming naturally abundant chemicals into useful functional molecules in an efficient and selective manner.BackgroundRadical hysterectomy (RH) is a type of radical surgery performed for cervical cancer. Urinary dysfunction due to RH exacerbates the postoperative quality of life of cervical cancer patients. The nerve-sparing RH (NSRH) technique has been used as an effective measure to conserve urinary function. However, few reports have been published on the long-term prognosis. This study described performance of our nerve-sparing technique and the long-term prognosis of patients.MethodsSixty-one patients underwent radical hysterectomy in a 5-year period during which the nerve-sparing technique was introduced; of these, 31 patients underwent NSRH and 30 underwent conventional RH. We retrospectively examined the medical records and compared postoperative urinary function and treatment outcome between the two groups.ResultsThe median time required for urinary residual volume to fall to ≤50 ml after removal of the urinary catheter was 6 days (range, 2-20 days) in the NSRH group and 13.5 days (range, 3-46 days) in the RH group. The results were significantly better in the NSRH group (p less then 0.05). The mean follow-up period was 2,456.3 days (range, 48-4,213 days). Investigations on curability revealed no significant difference between the two groups in local recurrence and long-term survival rates. The 5-year survival rate was 0.861 in the NSRH group and 0.782 in the RH group; the 10-year survival rate was 0.861 in the NSRH group and 0.679 in the RH group.ConclusionsSurgical procedures for NSRH significantly improved postoperative urinary function without deteriorating local recurrence rates and long-term prognosis.

In preparation for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic/Paralympic Games, the Japanese government assessed the risks of infectious disease outbreaks and determined necessary preparations. This present study reviews efforts made during a previous measles epidemic and describes the roles of hospitals.

This descriptive study investigated the records of 198 children with measles. Each child was treated at a general hospital January 1997 and February 1998. The study also examined the actions of pediatricians during and after the measles outbreak in the community.

Of the 198 children, 145 (73%) were hospitalized. The measles vaccination rate in the previous year was approximately 75%. Of the patients examined, 53% were below two years of age. The mean age was two years and nine months. Pneumonia and gastroenteritis accounted for 46% and 30% of the complications, respectively. Issues requiring attention included the number of hospital beds located in a negative pressure room or a private room with a window, obtaining gamma s antibody titer.

There have been no comprehensive investigations that examined the alteration of heart gene expression due to ethanol exposure. Therefore, we attempted to obtain gene expression from cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes exposed to ethanol (0, 10, 50, 100 mM) for 24 h.

The total RNA extract of beating cardiomyocytes was evaluated using DNA microarray, and fold changes (FCs) of differential gene expression of ethanol-exposed cardiomyocytes were analyzed against the control using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software.

The 1,394 genes with |FC| ≥ 1.8 were uploaded to IPA. IPA predicted 23 canonical pathways working in the ethanol groups. Three canonical pathways related to ethanol degradation, “Ethanol Degradation IV”, “Oxidative Ethanol Degradation III”, and “Ethanol Degradation II”, were inhibited in the ethanol groups. IPA predicted “ethanol” as an upregulated upstream regulator of the network having 22 downstream members for only the 100 mM ethanol group, 3 members, NTRK2, TGFB3, and TLR8, being activated in all groups.