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Daily NRF9.3 was 496.2 ± 54.0, being higher in GQB (503.8 ± 50.6 vs. 488.6 ± 56.2, p less then 0.001). Increasing the quality of breakfast increased the possibility of having a NRF9.3 higher than P50 (OR 1.893, CI 1.549-2.315, p less then 0.0001). Breakfasts have room for quality improvement in a high percentage of children. A higher quality breakfast is associated with a benefit in the quality of the total diet.The cluster randomized trial ARena (sustainable reduction of antibiotic-induced antimicrobial resistance, 2017-2020) promoted appropriate use of antibiotics for acute non-complicated infections in primary care networks (PCNs) in Germany. A process evaluation assessed determinants of practice and explored factors associated with antibiotic prescribing patterns. This work describes its findings on uptake and impacts of the complex intervention program and indicates potential implementation into routine care. In a nested mixed-methods approach, a three-wave study-specific survey for participating physicians and medical assistants assessed potential impacts and uptake of the complex intervention program. Stakeholders received a one-time online questionnaire to reflect on network-related aspects. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews, with a purposive sample of physicians, medical assistants and stakeholders, explored program component acceptance for daily practice and perceived sustainability of intervention component effects. Intervention components were perceived to be smoothly integrable into practice routines. The highest uptake was reported for educational components feedback reports, background information, e-learning modules and disease-specific quality circles (QCs). Participation in PCNs was seen as the motivational factor for guideline-oriented patient care and adoption of new routines. Future approaches to fostering appropriate antibiotics use by targeting health literacy competencies and clinician’s therapy decisions should combine evidence-based information sources, audit and feedback reports and QCs.Specific orientations of periodontal ligaments (PDLs) to tooth-root surface play an important role in offering positional stabilities of teeth, transmitting and absorbing various stresses under masticatory/occlusal loading conditions, or promoting tissue remodeling by mechanical stimulations to periodontal cells. However, it is still challenging to spatially control PDL orientations and collective PDL cell alignments using 3D scaffold architectures. Here, we investigated the optimization of scaffold topographies in order to control orientations of human PDL cells with predictability in in vitro. buy KHK-6 The 3D PDL-guiding architectures were designed by computer-aided design (CAD) and microgroove patterns on the scaffold surfaces were created with four different slice intervals such as 25.40 µm (μG-25), 19.05 µm (μG-19), 12.70 µm (μG-12), and 6.35 µm (μG-6) by the digital slicing step. After scaffold design and 3D wax printing, poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) was casted into 3D printed molds and human PDL cells were cultured for 7 days. In the results, μG-25 with low vertical resolution can angularly organize seeded cells predictably rather than μG-6 created by the highest resolution for high surface quality (or smooth surface). Moreover, nuclear orientations and deformability were quantitatively analyzed and a significant correlation between microgroove pattern intervals and cell alignments was calculated for the topographic optimization. In conclusion, controllable microgroove intervals can specifically organize human PDL cells by 3D printing, which can create various surface topographies with structural consistence. The optimal surface topography (μG-25) can angularly guide human PDL cells, but 6.35 µm-thick patterns (μG-6) showed random organization of cell collectivity.Appropriate medical care for donkeys is challenging despite being important working animals in non-industrialized countries and pets in first world countries. Although the same principles of diagnosis and therapy as in horses are commonly applied, there are differences in reference values and physiologic reaction to dynamic tests. However, donkeys seem to suffer from typical equine diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). Asinine metabolic syndrome (AMS) comprises obesity, insulin dysregulation, and laminitis. The principles of diagnosis are similar to horses. Donkey-specific reference ranges for insulin and glucose have been evaluated previously. Examinations regarding dynamic testing revealed differences in the intravenous glucose tolerance test and the combined insulin tolerance test compared to horses. The therapy of AMS is based mainly on weight loss and exercise. There are conflicting data regarding the incidence of PPID in donkeys. Laminitis and hypertrichosis were described as the main clinical signs. Species-specific and seasonal reference ranges were defined to diagnose PPID in donkeys. Furthermore, the dexamethasone suppression test, the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) test and the combined dexamethasone suppression/TRH test were evaluated. Pergolide is commonly recommended for treatment.The research arose as a result of the need to use the femtosecond laser to fabricate sub-micron and nano-sized bridges that could be analyzed for the Josephson effect. The femtosecond laser has a low pulse duration of 130 femtoseconds. Hence in an optical setup it was assumed that it could prevent the thermal degradation of the superconductive material during fabrication. In this paper a series of micron and sub-micron sized bridges where fabricated on superconductive yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) thin film using the femtosecond laser, a spherical convex lens of focal length 30 mm and the G-code control programming language applied to a translation stage. The dimensions of the bridges fabricated where analyzed using the atomic force microscope (AFM). As a result, micron sized superconductive bridges of width 1.68 μm, 1.39 μm, 1.23 μm and sub-micron sized bridges of width 858 nm, 732 nm where fabricated. The length of this bridges ranged from 9.6 μm to 12.8 μm. The femtosecond laser technique and the spherical convex lens can be used to fabricate bridges in the sub-micron dimension.